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CHEMICALS

已有 1115 次阅读2007-7-31 16:00

CHEMICALS

化学品

 

1          In air separation, liquid carbon dioxide, dissolved acetylene and cylinder filling plants, various chemicals are used for such operations as purifying, cooling, drying, water treatment, cleaning, etc... These can be handled safely provided that their properties are understood and adequate precautions taken. Material Safety Data Sheets and/or specific work instructions must be posted where chemicals are used and stored.

在空分、液态二氧化碳、溶解乙炔和气瓶充装车间,在生产中均会用到各种化学品,它们被用于纯化、冷却、干燥、水处理和清洗等。假如了解这些物质的性质并采取适当的措施,这是能够安全地使用和处理的。材料安全数据表和特别的工作指引必须贴在化学品使用和贮存的地方。

 

1.1.      Before use, carefully examine all labels on the container. Read the Material Safety Data Sheet and comply with its requirements, especially wear adequate protective equipment.

在使用前,必须仔细检查容器上的所有标签,阅读材料数据表,尤其是要穿戴适当的劳保用品。

 

1.2.      Do not put a chemical into an unmarked or unsuitable container. Always use the approved tightly closed container and make sure that it is clearly labelled with the name and type (ie. “flammable”, “highly corrosive”, “poisonous”) of the chemical.

不要把化学品放在没有贴标签的、不适当的容器中,总是要使用被认可的坚固的容器。保证标签上的化学品的名称和型号清淅(例如:“易燃”、“腐蚀性强、“有毒”)。

 

1.3.      Withdraw only the amount of chemical needed for the job in progress. Guard it from contamination and return any unused chemical to stores.

仅仅取出工作过程中需要量的化学品,及时处理化学品的污染,没有用完的化学品要归还到库房中存放。

 

1.4.      Do not dump waste or surplus chemicals into the sewer, the drain or into normal waste container. Segregate hazardous waste and dispose of it in an authorized manner (report to your supervisor).

不要把废的或剩余的化学品倒入下水道,应排放到废水容器。隔离危险废物或以认可的方式进行处理。(报告给主管)

 

1.5.      Any spillage of chemical should be reported to your supervisor immediately. He will advise the best method of clearing it up safely. Do not allow chemicals to creep into the sewer grid.

任何时侯溢出化学品必须立即报告给你的主管。他将给出最好的方法安全地清除它。不允许把化学品蔓延到下水道的分格中。

 

2          Some chemicals are flammable - ie. they burn in the presence of air. Some flammable liquids (solvents) are very volatile, they freely produce a vapour which when mixed with air can explode violently.

某些化学品是可燃的,例如:它们在空气中燃烧。一些易燃液体(溶剂)是挥发性的,产生和蒸汽与空气混合能够产生剧烈爆炸。

 

3          Chemicals such as acids and alkalis rapidly attack the skin and sensitive membranes, causing serious damage. Many chemicals are poisonous. It is not always necessary to swallow a chemical to be poisoned by it. Breathing its vapour may be dangerous ; while some can be absorbed into the bloodstream through the skin.

化学品,如:酸和碱,快速地腐蚀皮肤和粘膜,引起严重的伤害。有些化学品有毒,误吞下化学品会引起中毒。呼吸化学品的蒸气也可能是危险的,还有一些化学品可以经过此肤吸收进入血液中。

 

3.1.      Always wear the correct protective equipment when working with or near a chemical.

工作或接近化学品时,总是正确穿戴防护用品。

 

3.2.      Learn the correct first aid treatment to be adopted in the event of being splashed with, breathing or swallowing the chemical.

掌握急救方法,使在粘上、呼吸到、或误食化学品时,能正确处理。

 

3.3.      If a chemical comes in contact with skin or eyes, immediately flush the contamined part with water for several minutes to dilute and wash away the chemical. Remove clothing from affected areas. Then apply the appropriate first aid treatment and if necessary get medical help. Report incident to your management. Know where the nearest eye wash and safety showers are located.

如果皮肤和眼睛接触到了化学品,立即用大量的水冲洗几分钟,以浠释和洗去化学品。脱去受到浸蚀的衣服,然后采取正确的方法急救,如果必要进行医疗处理。把事故报告给管理层。你应该知道洗眼器和安全喷淋水的位置。

 

3.4.      Always get medical help if chemical has entered the eyes or been swallowed.

如果化学品进入眼晴或误食,立即去看医生。

 

3.5.      If your clothing becomes contaminated with a chemical then change it and have the contaminated articles washed.

如果你的衣服受到了化学品的污染,立即换掉,并清洗。

 

3.6.      After handling the chemical, carefully wash your hands before eating and feed away from the potentially contaminated area.

在处理化学品后,在吃饭前和离开危险区前,一定要仔细洗手。

 

4          Solvents are a special case. All the precautions in this leaflet should be applied, and there is further information in Leaflet Number 21.

特别是溶剂,本卡片中的所有的措施都应该用到。在21号卡片中有更详细的资料。

 

5         Chemicals are stored in dedicated areas which are designed to prevent negative impact on environment in case of spillage. Such areas are usually fitted with retention basins. Draining of retention basins is governed by stringent procedures.

贮存化学品的区域是专门设计的,在溢出时可防止其对环境的损害,该区域能设计如盆状的池子。它的排放受到政府的严格控制。

 

6          Disposal of hazardous waste must comply with regulations and must involve officially qualified subcontractors.

处理危险废物必须遵守法规,必须选择有资格的分供方。


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