HAND TOOLS

手动工具

 

1          Misuse of tools or using defective tools can result in severe injuries. Also, using inappropriate tools might lead to damaged tools or equipment.

错误使用工具或使用不完善的工具会导致严重受伤，使用不适当的工具也能导致工具或设备的损坏。

 

1.1.      Use the Right Tool for the Job

使用正确的工具

 

1.1.1.    Do not use make-shifts - such as using a spanner to hammer, pliers instead of the correct spanner, etc...

不使用替代工具，如用扳手替代锤子，用钢丝钳子代螺丝钳。

 

1.1.2.    Use the correctly sized spanner (preferably a ring, box or socket spanner) for nuts and bolts.

针对不同大小的螺母和螺丝钉使用正确尺寸的扳手，尤其是环状的、箱体或窝形的板手。

 

1.1.3.    Never use pliers on a nut, while an adjustable spanner should only be used as last resort.

哪怕只有可调节的扳手才能奏效时，也一样不要用老虎钳来拧螺母。

 

2          If you let tools deteriorate then they can break or lose grip when being used

如果任由工具的质地变坏，那么使用时工具会更容易地被毁或无法操纵。

 

2.1.      Keep Tools in Good Condition

保持工具的良好状态

 

2.1.1.    Unsafe tools include spanners with worn, splayed or cracked jaws, screwdrivers with broken blades; hammers with loose heads or split handles ; mushroomed heads on punches and chisels ; files without handles ; blunt cutting tools, etc...

不安全的工具包括磨损的、有斜齿裂变的扳手，刀身损坏的螺丝刀，头部松驰的或手把部分有爆裂的锤子，头部起蘑菇状的钻孔机和，无手把的锉刀，钝的剪。

 

2.1.2.    Tools which have deteriorated in this way must not be used until they have been repaired. If they cannot be repaired economically they must be scrapped.

质量变差的工具在修复前不要使用，如修复的费用较高就报废。

 

2.1.3.    Cutting tools should be dressed frequently to keep them sharp.

为保持剪的锋利，需多调用。

 

3．       If you do not use a tool correctly you run a greater risk of being injured

如不正确使用工具，就等同冒着受大伤的危险。

 

3.1.      Selection and use of tools must be such that the worker will not lose his balance or be struck by the tool in case something goes wrong.

选择和使用工具应保证工作中有紧急情况时，使用者不会失去平衡或被工具所累。

 

3.2.      Knives are very frequently the cause of injuries. The cutting stroke should always be away from the body and the hand which is holding or steadying the work should not be in the path of the blade to prevent injury.

因用刀受伤的较多，切割的地方应远离身体，同时不要在刀具移动的轨道上进行没把握或稳固的工作。

 

3.3.      A screwdriver should not be applied to an object held in the hand - place the work on the bench.

不要用螺丝刀对握在手中的物品进行操作，应把东西放在长凳上。

 

3.4.      A spanner should be pulled towards you - not pushed. If it is pushed and the nut suddenly breaks loose, then you can fall forward.

用扳手时，用向身体内侧用力拉，不要向外推，要不，螺母一断会让人向前摔倒。

 

3.5.      Do not attempt to get extra leverage on a spanner or pipe wrench by slipping a length of pipe over the handle of the tool. This can strain the tool to breaking point. Use torque adjustable wrenches.

不要试图在工具的把上加一管来获得额外的杠杆力，这么做会使工具因拉力紧张造成断点，可用有调节扭矩的钳。

 

3.6.      If a spanner is slightly too large, do not make a fit by using packing, such as a washer. Get the correct size of spanner, or if one is not available use an adjustable spanner.

如扳手稍微大些，不要垫象胶圈一类的包扎物使它合用，找一尺寸合适的扳手或用一可调节大小的扳手。

 

4          Unless you carry or store tools properly they can injure yourself or others.

要很好地携带或存放工具，否则会伤到自己或别人。

 

4.1.      Carry Tools Safely

安全携带工具

 

4.1.1.    Never carry tools in such a way that might interfere with using both hands freely on a ladder or else.

携带工具不能妨碍双手自由，如在梯子上或别处。

 

4.1.2.    A strong bag, bucket or similar closed container should be used to hoist tools from the ground to the job, while they should be returned in the same manner, not brought down by hand, carried in the pockets, or dropped to the ground.

结实的袋、桶之类装应升上工作点，但也要用一样方法降回，不要用手拿，口袋装或扔回地上。

 

4.1.3.    Chisels, screwdrivers and sharp tools should never be carried in the pockets. They should be carried in a toolbox, in a carrying belt (sharp or pointed end down) ; in a pocket tool pouch.

锉子、螺丝刀等尖利的工具一定不要装在口袋里携带，应把它装入工具箱、工具皮带或工具包袋里。

 

4.1.4.    Tools should be handed from one workman to another, never thrown. Edged or pointed tools should be handed with the handle towards the receiver or ideally in an adequate casing.

工具可在人与人之间传递，但不要扔，偏尖的工具应将把柄部分传给接受者或以能产生好结果的方式来进行。

 

4.2.      Keep Tools in a Safe Place

将工具放在安全的地方。

 

4.2.1.    Tools should not be left in elevated positions such as scaffolds or shelves as they can fall on persons below (especially when one opens a cabinet).

工具不能留在施工架、搁板等高处，因为会掉下伤人（当开抽屉时都会）。

 

4.2.2.    When tools are not in use they should be put in a toolbox. If left on the floor even for a few minutes, someone may trip on them.

工具不用时，应放入工具箱，放在地上，即使一分钟也有可能让人跌倒。

 

4.2.3.    Sharp tools should not be left lying on a bench or in a drawer. When not in use they should be kept in a rack or special section of the toolbox, in such a way as to protect the user and prevent damage to the cutting edge.

锋利的工具不要放在长凳或抽屉里，不用时要放在工具架或专门的工具箱里，这样既保护用户又避免利刃不受损。

 

4.2.4.    Make sure that sharp tools are never left hidden under paper, rags or other materials or mixed with other tools in the toolbox.

确保利具不藏放在纸、碎布、或别的东西下边，也不与别的工具一同放在工具箱内。

 

4.2.5.    It is advisable to slip plastic, l or fibre guards over the sharp edges of tools before putting them away. This protects both you and the tool.

建议在把工具存放之前，把沾在刀边上的塑料、金属或纤维拭去以保护人和工具。

 

5          Loose clothing can be snagged by tools, nails or working materials.

穿着松驰工作会起来可能会被工具、钉子或工件等造成阻碍。

 

5.1.      Dress for the Job

配合工作的穿着

 

5.1.1.    Wear protective clothing as appropriate - ie. safety shoes ; a glove on the hand which is steadying the work when using a cutting tool ; safety glasses when working with striking tools, hard hats when necessary.

适当地穿保护服 - 如用切割工具时穿上安全鞋，戴上手套可稳定工作，焊接时戴上防护镜，必要时戴上坚固的帽子。

 

6          Machine tools in workshop need be maintained and operated by qualified persons only and be equipped with appropriate guards.

车间的机器设备只能由有一定资质的专人来维护和操作并要有相应的防护设施。