血原性疾病安全管理（英语）

zouyilin

Bloodborne Pathogens

When your job is helping other people who are ill or injured, you could be putting your own health at risk.
Exposure to lethal blood borne diseases is a job hazard for health care providers, first aid attendants, and emergency responders.
Sanitation, laundry, and custodial workers are among those who also could be at risk.
These diseases include:

• HIV: the virus that causes AIDS, an immune system failure.
• HBV: the virus that causes Hepatitis B, a liver disease.

The viruses that cause these diseases are spread by contact with blood and some other bodily fluids.
If your job includes the possibility of contact with human blood and certain other body fluids, your employer has a plan to keep you safe.
An important part of this plan is known as “universal precautions.”
Universal precautions involve dealing with all human blood and other body fluids as if they contained these deadly viruses.

To prevent exposure to blood borne pathogens, your employer provides several kinds of barriers. One is the personal protective equipment (PPE) you are instructed to use for your job. Depending on the task, this could include gloves, lab coats, goggles with side-shields, masks, and no-contact resuscitation devices.

Methods of removing or isolating hazards are also part of the plan.
An important one is availability of safe disposal containers for sharps such as needles.

Work practice controls are also important in preventing contact with blood borne pathogens. These include hand washing as well as safe handling and transport of potentially contaminated items.

You might be wondering what all this has to do with you if you aren’t a dentist, nurse, or ambulance attendant. Actually, it’s a good idea for everyone to know about universal precautions.
You could be the first one on the scene of a highway accident and have to help a bleeding victim.
Or you could have to give CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to a fallen co-worker who has just received a facial injury.
Or you might just need to protect yourself from a needle stick injury while picking up trash in an empty lot in your neighborhood.
For your safety, you need to assume that the blood of any person is infected with a lethal disease.
Even in an emergency, you must avoid all direct contact with blood.
Wear gloves, such as the latex or plastic gloves you keep in your automobile first aid kit.
In fact, you should double-glove if you will be contacting a spill of blood.
Place in a leak-proof container any materials that have contacted bodily fluids.
Spills should be cleaned up right away with an approved disinfectant, such as household bleach.
The cleanup of any bodily fluid should be performed by someone who has been trained in cleanup and disposal of these materials.
Separate potentially contaminated materials from other laundry.
Wear gloves and other recommended protective items to handle contaminated laundry.

If you think you might have been exposed to a blood borne pathogen, see a medical professional right away for tests.

A vaccine is available to help protect against Hepatitis B; ask your employer about it if your job involves possible exposure.

You can’t see the viruses that cause AIDS and Hepatitis.
You just have to assume they are present in blood and protect yourself from contact.